September XXV

St. Ceolfrid, Abbot

From Bede, Hist. l. 5, et l. de Vitis Abbat. Wirim. Item, l. de Temporibus. See Leland de scriptor Bulteau, Hist. l. 4, Pitseus, and Suysken, t. 7, Sept. p. 123.

a. d. 716.

Ceolfrid is the same Teutonic name with Geoffroy, and signifies joyful, as Camden remarks. The saint was nobly born in Bernicia, and related to St. Bennet Biscop, with whom he joined in the generous resolution of quitting the world. With him he made a journey to Rome, partly out of devotion, and partly for improvement in sacred studies and divine knowledge. After their return he was St. Bennet’s assistant in the foundation of his monastery of St. Peter at Wiremouth, on the north bank of the river, in the bishopric of Durham. St. Ceolfrid would have regarded it as his greatest felicity on earth, if he could have been as much forgotten by all creatures, and contemned by every one as he contemned and studied to forget himself: and he lived in his community as St. Antony and St. Hilarion lived on their mountains, in the most profound recollection, and in the practice of the most austere penance. When St. Bennet built the monastery of St. Paul at Jarrow, he sent Ceolfrid, with seventeen monks, to lay the foundation of that house, and appointed him abbot. Our saint governed this abbey seven years in St. Bennet’s life-time, and was constituted at the desire of that saint, in his last sickness, abbot also of Wiremouth: from which time he presided, for twenty eight years, over both those monasteries, which for their propinquity and constant connexion were usually esteemed as one, and were generally subject to one abbot. St. Ceolfrid was diligent and active in everything he took in hand, of a sharp wit, mature in judgment, and fervent in zeal. Bede, who had the happiness to live under this admirable man, has left us most authentic testimonies of his learning, abilities, and extraordinary sanctity. He was a great lover of sacred literature, and enriched the libraries of his two monasteries with a great number of good books: but banished those which could only serve to entertain curiosity. To how great a pitch he carried the sacred sciences in his monasteries, Bede is an instance. He was himself very learned. Naitan, king of the Picts, sent to him, desiring to be informed concerning the right time of celebrating Easter, and the true form of the clerical tonsure. The holy abbot strongly proved and recommended to him the Catholic custom of observing Easter and the Roman tonsure called St. Peter’s, by a letter which Bede hath inserted in his history.* The king received it with great joy and satisfaction, and commanded both points to be received and observed throughout his dominions. This king likewise desired our saint to send him builders, who might erect a stone church, after the manner of the Romans, promising to dedicate it in honor of St. Peter. The abbot complied also with this request.

St. Ceolfrid, finding himself broken with age and infirmities, and no longer capable of teaching his monks, by word and example, the perfect form of monastic observance, resigned his abbacy. The monks entreated him on their knees to alter his resolution: but were obliged to acquiesce, and, upon his recommendation, chose Hucthbert, or rather Hubert, a very learned priest, abbot of both monasteries, in which then lived six hundred monks. This being done, the saint having sung mass in the morning, made them a strong exhortation to mutual love and concord; and, for fear of being stopped by the grandees of the kingdom, who all held him in great veneration, set out immediately with a design to perform a pilgrimage to the tombs of the apostles at Rome. On the road, besides the canonical hours, he every day sung the whole psalter twice over, and also offered to God the saving victim in the mass which he sung every day, except one when he was upon the sea, and the three last days of his life. After travelling one hundred and fourteen days he arrived at Langres in France, where, being stopped by sickness, he happily died on the 25th of September, in the year of our Lord 716, of his age seventy-four, of his sacerdotal character forty-seven, and his abbatial dignity thirty-five. He was buried in the church of the three twin martyrs, SS. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus. His relics were afterward removed to his monastery of Jarrow, and thence, in the time of the Danish devastations, to Glastonbury.¹ Leland saw a square stone at Jarrow: on which was this inscription:² “The dedication of the church of St. Paul at Jarrow, on the ninth day before the calends of May, in the fifteenth year of king Ecfrid, and the fourth of the abbot Ceolfrid, the builder of this church.”

The example of all the saints shows us, that virtue is not to be attained without serious endeavors, and much pains. We must counteract our depraved inclinations, which have taken a wrong bent, that they may recover their due rectitude; the seeds of all virtues must be planted in our hearts with such care, that they may take root, spring up, prosper, and bring forth fruit every day more and more abundantly. The various exercises of piety, religion, and penance, and all the conditions upon which God has promised his graces to us, must be performed with fervor, constancy, and perseverance. The slothful and fainthearted think everything above their strength, though they are never weary in laboring for this wretched world. If they set about the business of their salvation in good earnest, they will soon do with ease and pleasure that which their indolence made them to look upon as impossible: and they will quickly find that there is a most delicious hidden manna in true virtue. Its possession is to the soul a spring of uninterrupted pure joy, far beyond the vain delights of the world, and the filthy pleasures of sin, even if these latter were not mixed with the bitter draughts which always attend them.

Saint Barr, or Finbarr, First Bishop of Cork, C.

He is called by some St. Barrus, or Barrocus. He lived in the sixth age; was a native of Connaught, and instituted a monastery or school at Lough Eirc,* to which, as to the habitation of wisdom, and the sanctuary of all virtues, such numbers of disciples flocked, as changed, as it were, a desert into a large city. This was the origin of the city of Cork, which was built chiefly upon stakes, in marshy little islands formed by the river Lea. St. Finbarr’s disciple, St. Caiman, son of Lenin, founded the famous episcopal see of Cloyne, of which he was the first bishop: he died on the 4th of November, in 604. St. Nessan, who succeeded St. Finbarr in his school, and built the town of Cork, was another eminent disciple, trained up under his discipline, and is honored at Cork, on the 17th of March, and 1st of December. Sir James Ware and Tanner take notice, that some, with a MS. copy in the king’s library at London, ascribe to St. Finbarr a letter on the ceremonies of baptism, printed among the works of Alcuin. The right name of our saint, under which he was baptized, was Lochan; the surname Finbarr or Barr the White, was afterward given him. He was bishop of Cork seventeen years, and died in the midst of his friends at Cloyne, fifteen miles from Cork. His body was buried in his own cathedral at Cork, and his relics, some years after, were put in a silver shrine, and kept there, this great church bearing his name to this day. St. Finbarr’s cave or hermitage was shown in a monastery which seems to have been begun by our saint, and stood to the west of Cork. It was afterward given to the canons regular of St. Austin, and was called Gill Abbey, from Gill Æda ô Mugin, a famous bishop of Cork, in 1170, who so much increased this house as to be regarded as its principal founder. On St. Finbarr see his MS. life in Trinity College, Dublin, MS. 31, Giraldus Cambren. De Mirabilibus Hibern. l. 2, c. 49, Mr. Ch. Smith. Ancient and Present State of Cork, t. 1, &c. t. Colgan in MSS. ad 25 Sept.

Saint Firmin, Bishop of Amiens, M.

If we may rely on his acts, he was a native of Pampelone, in Navarre, initiated in the Christian faith by Honestus, a disciple of St. Saturninus of Toulouse, and consecrated bishop by St. Honoratus, successor to St. Saturninus, in order to preach the gospel in the remoter parts of Gaul. He preached the faith in the countries of Agen, Anjou, and Beauvais, and, being arrived at Amiens, there chose his residence, having founded there a numerous Church of faithful disciples. He received the crown of martyrdom in that city, whether under the prefect Rictius Varus, as Usuard says, or in some other persecution from Decius, in 250, to Dioclesian, in 303, is uncertain. Faustinian buried him in his field called Abladana, where Firmin II. (who is honored on the 1st of September) built the first church under the invocation of the Blessed Virgin. St. Salvius, in the beginning of the seventh century, translated his relics into the cathedral. St. Godefrid made another translation of them about the year 1107, and bishop Theobald put them into a gold shrine about the year 1200. See Gall. Chr. Nova, t. 10, p. 1150. Tillemont and Stilting.

Saint Aunaire, Bishop of Auxerre

He was descended from a distinguished family of the Orleanois, and lived in his youth at the court of Gontran, king of Burgundy. But, having renounced the world, he submitted himself to the direction of Syagrius, bishop of Autun, then celebrated for learning and virtue. He was placed in the see of Auxerre about the year 570. He assisted at the fourth council of Paris in 573, as well as at two other councils which were held some years after at Macon. Zealous to restore discipline in his diocess, he assembled a synod, where forty-five statutes were framed, the first of which condemned superstitious observances on New Year’s day. He was indefatigable in his vigilance and care over the purity of manners, and constantly instructed his people in all the duties that regard the Christian dispensation. For their and his own edification he caused to be written the lives of St. Amatus and St. Germanus, two of the most illustrious of his predecessors. He augmented also the revenue of his church, that the sacred ceremonies of religion might be performed with greater decency. He had a brother named Austrein, who was bishop of Orleans, distinguished also for his virtues, though it does not appear that he was canonized. Aida, his sister, was mother to St. Leu of Sens. She lived in the perfect practice of Christian duties; and her feast is kept a Orleans in the church of Saint Aignan. Saint Aunaire died the 25th of September, about the year 605. He is mentioned on this day in the Roman Martyrology. See his anonymous life published by Labbe, Bibl. MSS. t. 1, and the history of the bishops of Auxerre, in Chron. Monachi Antissiod Baillet, &c.

* L. 5, c. 22. St. Ceolfrid calls that tonsure St. Peter’s, in which the crown was entire of the whole head: but that Simon Magus’s, in which the circle was imperfect, and only on the fore-part. See Mabillon. Præfat. ad Sæc. 2, Bened.

¹ See App. ad Martyr. Gallic. Malmesb. de Reg. l. 1, c. 3, et Monast. Angl. l. 1, c. 4.

² See Leland, de Sriptor. ed. a Tanner, p. 162.

* This lake, called Lough-Eirc, Harris takes to be the hollow or basin, in which a great part of the city of Cork now stands, drained and built on by the industry of the Inhabitants. To the reputation of St. Barr, the first bishop and abbot here, is the city of Cork indebted for its original at takes its name from Coreach which, in the Irish language, signifies a low marshy ground.

 Butler, A., The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints (New York 1903) III, 753-756.